1. #include <iostream>
2. #include <string>
3.  
4. class Test {
5. public:
6.     static unsigned int _id;
7.  
8.     Test(): _a(1000) {
9.         _effective_id = _own_id = _id++;
10.         log("Default constructor");
11.     };
12.     Test(int a): _a(a) {
13.         _effective_id = _own_id = _id++;
14.         log("Int constructor with value " + std::to_string(a));
15.     };
16.  
17.     Test(const Test& other) {
18.         _a = other._a;
19.         _effective_id = _own_id = _id++;
20.         log("Copy constructor with id " + std::to_string(other._own_id));
21.     }
22.  
23.     Test(Test&& other) {
24.         _a = other._a;
25.         _effective_id = _id++;
26.         _own_id = other._own_id;
27.         log("Move constructor with id " + std::to_string(other._own_id));
28.         other._move_made = true;
29.     }
30.  
31.     ~Test() {
32.         log("Destructor");
33.         if(_move_made) {
34.             log("After move");
35.         }
36.     }
37.  
38.     Test& operator=(const Test& other) {
39.         _a = other._a;
40.         log("Copy operator with id " + std::to_string(other._own_id));
41.         return *this;
42.     }  
43.  
44.     Test& operator=(Test&& other) {
45.         _a = other._a;
46.         other._move_made = true;
47.         _effective_id = _own_id;
48.         _own_id = other._own_id;
49.         log("Move copy operator with id " + std::to_string(other._own_id));
50.         return *this;
51.     }
52.  
53. private:
54.     int _a;
55.     unsigned int _own_id, _effective_id;
56.     bool _move_made = false;
57.    
58.     void log(std::string msg) {
59.         std::cout << _own_id << "(effective: " << _effective_id << ")" << ": " + msg + "n";
60.     }
61. };
62.  
63. Test get_test() {
64.     std::cout << "Inside get_test()n";
65.     return Test(5);
66. }
67.  
68. Test&& get_move() {
69.     std:: cout << "Inside get_move()n";
70.     return std::move(Test(7));
71. }
72.  
73. void copy_pass(Test copy) {
74.     std::cout << "Took by copyn";
75. }
76.  
77. void pass(const Test& ref) {
78.     std::cout << "Took by refn";
79. }
80.  
81. void pass(Test&& subject) {
82.      std::cout << "Took by rvaln";
83. }
84.  
85. unsigned int Test::_id = 0;
86.  
87. int main() {
88.     std::cout << "Initialize an";
89.     Test a = get_test();
90.     std::cout << "Pass by copyn";
91.     copy_pass(a);
92.     std::cout << "Pass by refn";
93.     pass(a);
94.     std::cout << "Pass by moven";
95.     pass(std::move(a));
96.  
97.     std::cout << "Initializing bn";
98.     Test b(7);
99.     std::cout << "Move to cn";
100.     auto c = std::move(b);
101.     std::cout << "Ref to dn";
102.     auto& d = c;
103.     std::cout << "Copy by ref to en";
104.     Test e(d);
105.     std::cout << "Copy by rval to fn";
106.     Test f(std::move(e));
107.  
108.     std::cout << "Getting by moven";
109.     Test g(get_move());
110. }