- treat ~だ as a particle
- お↑とうと↓だ
- が↑くせいだ
- か↑だ
- for downstep patterns, both mora of です attach low
- あ↓きです
- お↑か↓しです
- for heiban the pitch drops only after the で
- が↑くせいで↓す
- か↑で↓す
- みたい (looks like) has similar rules
- for downstep:
- あ↓きみたい
- お↑か↓しみたい
- お↑とうと↓みたい
- for heiban:
- が↑くせいみ↓たい
- か↑み↓たい
- ーだろう also has some rules
- for downstep:
- お↑とうと↓だろう
- お↑か↓しだろう
- for heiban it only drops after the ろ:
- が↑くせいだろ↓う
- か↑だろ↓う
- でしょう・らしい follow these rules:
- downstep
- お↑か↓しらしい・お↑か↓しでしょう
- heiban
- が↑くせいでしょ↓う・が↑くせいらし↓い
- か↑でしょ↓う・か↑らし↓い
- this らしい is for the "seems like" meaning.
- The "i heard meaning" of らしい, all nouns become heiban like this:
- に↑ほんじんらし↓い
- even though にほんじん usually is なかだか
- THis gives us things like あ↑きらし↓い for (i heard it is autumn)
- CONJUGATIONS OF ADJECTIVES
- All なかだか 3 mora i-adjectives (あ↑つ↓い、な↑が↓い、た↑か↓い) have their pitch drop moved one mora back in all conjugations: あ↓つさ、あ↓つければ、あ↓つかった
- For most 4 mora nakadaka i-adjectives the downstep stays the same place in conjugations: か↑わい↓い、か↑わい↓いくて、か↑わい↓かった、か↑わい↓さ
- Also counts for 5 mora nakada i-adjectives: お↑もしろ↓い、お↑もしろ↓くて、おもしろ↓さ
- ATAMADAKA i adjectives stay atamadaka in conjugations:
- よ↓い、よ↓かった、よ↓ければ、よ↓さ
- HEIBAN i adjectives (軽い、赤い so on) are often said as nakadaka by younger people but their conjugations are still unique:
- あかい turns into あ↑かく、あ↑か↓くて、あ↑か↓かった、あ↑か↓ければ、あ↑かさ
- Think of it as staying heiban in あ↑かく and あ↑かさ conjugations and having the drop stay the same place as the one in the nakadaka "version" of the dictionary form
- For na-adjectives:
- The さ forms are all you need to think about other than remembering the pitch of the original word:
- heiban stays heiban: た↑いへんさ、じゅ↑んすいさ
- All downstep na-adjectives will become odaka with the drop before the sa: げ↓んき becomes げ↑んき↓さ、ゆ↓たか becomes ゆ↑たか↓さ、 さ↑わ↓やかー>さ↑わやか↓さ and so on
- FOR ALL I-ADJECTIVES:
- The ~な↓い form always attaches high to the normal 〰く form of a given word:
- よ↓く↑な↓い。 for heiban this is of course just あ↑かくな↓い
- All further conjugations of the ない keep the downstep after the な. for example: あ↓つく↑な↓かった
- 〰な↓る also attaches this way:あ↓つく↑な↓る、あ↑かく↑な↓る
- FOR NA-ADJECTIVES:
- 〰じゃ↑な↓い attaches き↑れいじゃ↓ない、げ↓んきじゃ↑な↓い、す↑き↓じゃ↑な↓い
- the downstep in じゃない stays the same in all conjugations: ~げ↓んきじゃ↑な↓かった
- CONJUGATIONS OF VERBS:
- Most conjugations of Heiban stays heiban: と↑める、と↑めて、と↑めた、と↑めない、と↑めながら、と↑めれる、と↑めさせる
- TWO MORA verbs are also heiban idiot! 泣く for example.
- *For 〰ます and 〰ました conjugations of heiban words there is a downstep after the ま: あ↑そびま↓す、な↑きま↓した
- For 〰ません and 〰ませんでした conjugations of heiban words the downstep is after the せ: あ↑そびませ↓ん、な↑きませ↓んでした
- for the 行こう kind of conjugation for heiban words the downstep occurs one mora before the う: と↑めよ↓う, あ↑そぼ↓う
- for the 〰たい conjugation for heiban words the downstep occurs after the た: あ↑そびた↓い、な↑きた↓い
- everything below the "*" until this line counts for non heiban verbs as well. :) やったー
- BACK TO HEIBAN verbs:
- なかった form has a drop after the な: と↑めな↓かった
- for the 〰れば form the drop is after the れ or eqv. mora: あ↑そべ↓ば、と↑めれ↓ば、 な↑け↓ば
- For the command form there is a drop after the last mora of the verb: あ↑そべ↓よ、と↑めろ↓よ、な↑け↓よ
- for the 〰ても form the drop is after the て: と↑めて↓も、あ↑そんで↓も
- For the 〰たり form the drop is after the た: あ↑そんだ↓り、と↑めた↓り
- ATAMADAKA VERBS:
- most conjugations stay atamadaka: み↓る、み↓た、み↓て、み↓れば、み↓ろ、み↓ても、み↓たり、
- ーながら conjugation has the drop after the な: み↑な↓がら
- み↑れ↓る、み↑られ↓る、み↑させ↓る forms all have the drop after the second to last mora.
- For the negative conjugations the drop is before the な: み↓ない、の↑ま↓ない、の↑ま↓なかった
- NAKADAKA VERBS
- ながら form drops after the な and ーれる、ーさせる and ーられる form also have their drops after the second to last mora (rules like atamadaka)
- For example: お↑よぎな↓がら、お↑よげ↓る、お↑よがせ↓る、お↑よがれ↓る
- For negative conjugations the drop is after the mora before the な: た↑べ↓ない、た↑べ↓なかった ・ は↑しら↓ない、は↑しら↓なかった
- The past (たべた), the if (たべれば), and the て form (たべて) all have their drop on the third to last mora:
- た↓べた、は↑し↓った、お↑よ↓いだ = past
- た↓べて、は↑し↓って、お↑よ↓いで =てFORM
- た↑べ↓れば、は↑し↓れば、お↑よ↓げば =if form
- Command form = the drop is after the second to last mora in the word: た↑べ↓ろ、は↑し↓れ、お↑よ↓げ、
- ーても form = the drop is after the fourth to last mora: た↓べても、は↑し↓っても、お↑よ↓いでも
- SENTENCE LEVEL PITCH ACCENT:
- when heiban elements are put together the latter's rise disappears: 私は+日本語(...) becomes わ↑たしはにほんご(...)
- pitch stays high until a downstep occurs (even with the start of odaka or nakadaka words, the rise is "removed")
- べ↑んきょう+し↑て+い↑ま↓す becomes べ↑んきょうしていま↓す
- の RULE
- の particle generally removes a final syllable downstep from multisylable words (even counts for stuff like き↑の↓う or に↑ほ↓ん、 because のう and ほん are syllables.)
- for example the words: に↑ほ↓ん、や↑ま、き↑の↓う
- with の attached become: に↑ほんの、や↑まの、き↑のうの
- THis is not consitent however か↑わ↓の and か↑わの are apparantly both right(?) and words like せんせい never become heiban with the no afterwards. it also mainly counts for odaka words
- This rule also does not affect words that express quantities. for example ご↑に↓ん or ひゃ↑く↓ don't become へいばん when followed by a の