180% Increase in health issues and subsequent death (from 1990 to 2010) associated with Parkinson's, glyphosate application and GMO crops: http://imgur.com/FrULVaZ Graph from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3945755/pdf/ITX-6-159.pdf Additional info: http://www.earthopensource.org/ ("GMO Myths and Truths") "Glyphosate, pathways to modern diseases II: Celiac sprue and gluten intolerance Interdiscip Toxicol. 2013; Vol. 6(4): 159–184. doi: 10.2478/intox-2013-0026 Published online in: www.intertox.sav.sk & www.versita.com/it ~ Copyright © 2013 SETOX & IEPT, SASc. Extra source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3945755/pdf/ITX-6-159.pdf ISSN: 1337-6853 (print version) | 1337-9569 (electronic version) This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0 ), which permits unrestricted use,distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Citation: Samsel, A., & Seneff, S. (2013). Glyphosate, pathways to modern diseases II: Celiac sprue and gluten intolerance. Interdisciplinary Toxicology, 6(4), 159–184. http://doi.org/10.2478/intox-2013-0026 ABSTRACT Celiac disease, and, more generally, gluten intolerance, is a growing problem worldwide, but especially in North America and Europe, where an estimated 5% of the population now suffers from it. Symptoms include nausea, diarrhea, skin rashes, macrocytic anemia and depression. It is a multifactorial disease associated with numerous nutritional deficiencies as well as reproductive issues and increased risk to thyroid disease, kidney failure and cancer. Here, we propose that glyphosate, the active ingredient in the herbicide, Roundup®, is the most important causal factor in this epidemic. Fish exposed to glyphosate develop digestive problems that are reminiscent of celiac disease. Celiac disease is associated with imbalances in gut bacteria that can be fully explained by the known effects of glyphosate on gut bacteria. Characteristics of celiac disease point to impairment in many cytochrome P450 enzymes, which are involved with detoxifying environmental toxins, activating vitamin D3, catabolizing vitamin A, and maintaining bile acid production and sulfate supplies to the gut. Glyphosate is known to inhibit cytochrome P450 enzymes. Deficiencies in iron, cobalt, molybdenum, copper and other rare metals associated with celiac disease can be attributed to glyphosate’s strong ability to chelate these elements. Deficiencies in tryptophan, tyrosine, methionine and selenomethionine associated with celiac disease match glyphosate’s known depletion of these amino acids. Celiac disease patients have an increased risk to non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, which has also been implicated in glyphosate exposure. Reproductive issues associated with celiac disease, such as infertility, miscarriages, and birth defects, can also be explained by glyphosate. Glyphosate residues in wheat and other crops are likely increasing recently due to the growing practice of crop desiccation just prior to the harvest. We argue that the practice of “ripening” sugar cane with glyphosate may explain the recent surge in kidney failure among agricultural workers in Central America. We conclude with a plea to governments to reconsider policies regarding the safety of glyphosate residues in foods." source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3945755/pdf/ITX-6-159.pdf "Glyphosate, pathways to modern diseases III: Manganese, neurological diseases, and associated pathologies Citation: Samsel, A., & Seneff, S. (2015). Glyphosate, pathways to modern diseases III: Manganese, neurological diseases, and associated pathologies. Surgical Neurology International, 6, 45. http://doi.org/10.4103/2152-7806.153876 Extra Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4392553/ Abstract Manganese (Mn) is an often overlooked but important nutrient, required in small amounts for multiple essential functions in the body. A recent study on cows fed genetically modified Roundup®-Ready feed revealed a severe depletion of serum Mn. Glyphosate, the active ingredient in Roundup®, has also been shown to severely deplete Mn levels in plants. Here, we investigate the impact of Mn on physiology, and its association with gut dysbiosis as well as neuropathologies such as autism, Alzheimer's disease (AD), depression, anxiety syndrome, Parkinson's disease (PD), and prion diseases. Glutamate overexpression in the brain in association with autism, AD, and other neurological diseases can be explained by Mn deficiency. Mn superoxide dismutase protects mitochondria from oxidative damage, and mitochondrial dysfunction is a key feature of autism and Alzheimer’s. Chondroitin sulfate synthesis depends on Mn, and its deficiency leads to osteoporosis and osteomalacia. Lactobacillus, depleted in autism, depend critically on Mn for antioxidant protection. Lactobacillus probiotics can treat anxiety, which is a comorbidity of autism and chronic fatigue syndrome. Reduced gut Lactobacillus leads to overgrowth of the pathogen, Salmonella, which is resistant to glyphosate toxicity, and Mn plays a role here as well. Sperm motility depends on Mn, and this may partially explain increased rates of infertility and birth defects. We further reason that, under conditions of adequate Mn in the diet, glyphosate, through its disruption of bile acid homeostasis, ironically promotes toxic accumulation of Mn in the brainstem, leading to conditions such as PD and prion diseases. ...A major consideration is that our gut bacteria do have the shikimate pathway, and that we depend upon this pathway in our gut bacteria as well as in plants to supply us with the essential aromatic amino acids, tryptophan, tyrosine, and phenylalanine. Methionine, an essential sulfur- containing amino acid, and glycine, are also negatively impacted by glyphosate. Furthermore, many other biologically active molecules, including serotonin, melatonin, melanin, epinephrine, dopamine, thyroid hormone, folate, coenzyme Q10, vitamin K, and vitamin E, depend on the shikimate pathway metabolites as precursors. Gut bacteria and plants use exclusively the shikimate pathway to produce these amino acids. In part because of shikimate pathway disruption, our gut bacteria are harmed by glyphosate, as evidenced by the fact that it has been patented as an antimicrobial agent.[298] ...Adjuvants in pesticides are synergistically toxic with the active ingredient. Mesnage et al. [189] showed that Roundup® was 125 times more toxic than glyphosate by itself. These authors wrote: “Despite its relatively benign reputation, Roundup® was among the most toxic herbicides and insecticides tested.”[189] The industry dictates that 3 months is a sufficiently long time to test for toxicity in rodent studies, and as a consequence none of the industry studies have run for longer than 3 months. The only study we are aware of that was a realistic assessment of the long-term effects of GM Roundup®-Ready corn and soy feed on mammals was the study by Séralini et al. that examined the effects on rats fed these foods for their entire life span.[261] This study showed increased risk to mammary tumors in females, as well as kidney and liver damage in the males, and a shortened lifespan in both females and males. These effects occurred both in response to Roundup and to the GM food alone. These effects only began to be apparent after 4 months." [189] http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4392553/#ref189 Major pesticides are more toxic to human cells than their declared active principles. Mesnage R, Defarge N, Spiroux de Vendômois J, Séralini GE Biomed Res Int. 2014; 2014():179691. [261] http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4392553/#ref261 Long term toxicity of a Roundup herbicide and a Roundup-tolerant genetically modified maize. Séralini GE, Clair E, Mesnage R, Gress S, Defarge N, Malatesta M, Hennequin D, de Vendômois JS Food Chem Toxicol. 2012 Nov; 50(11):4221-31. [298] http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4392553/#ref298 US Patent number 7,771,736 B2. Glyphosate formulations and their use for the inhibition of 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase. Publication date: August 10. 2010. [Last accessed on 2014 Jun 30]. Available from: http://www.google.com/patents/US7771736 Confirmed, FDA illegally allowed GE foods into market without proper GRAS qualification and illegally perpetuated flagrant abuse of U.S. Law to serve Biotech interests! source: https://www.organicconsumers.org/news/why-fda%E2%80%99s-policy-genetically-engineered-foods-fraudulent-and-illegal-0 "29. Although the FDA has been illegally, and fraudulently, exempting GE foods from the testing requirements established by Congress in 1958, hardly any current members of Congress are aware of the malfeasance. Consequently, the House of Representatives (in passing a bill titled the “Safe and Accurate Food Labeling Act of 2015”) voted to remove the requirements that the FDA has been illicitly waiving; and it appears that virtually none of those who voted “yes” realized that they were in essence forgiving the FDA’s flagrant violation of the law (and its snubbing of the Congressional will) – and legitimizing a policy that was deemed both unscientific and risky by the agency’s own experts.* ...* Although the provisions of the bill that have garnered most attention are those that relate to labeling (especially the one that prohibits states from requiring the labeling of GMOs sold within their borders), the provision that legitimizes the FDA’s lax and illegal no-testing policy is the one that alters current statutory law." "We’ve identified five Senators who we think are most likely to lend Monsanto a helping hand. They are: Sen. Roy Blunt (R-Mo.), author of the 2013 Monsanto Protection Act; Senate Appropriations Committee Chairman Thad Cochran (R-Miss.), who blocked repeal of the 2013 Monsanto Protection Act and could stick the DARK Act into a must-pass spending bill; Senate Agriculture Committee Chairman Pat Roberts (R-Kan.) and Agriculture Committee member Chuck Grassley (R-Iowa), DARK Act supporters who could attach H.R. 1599 to the Child Nutrition Act; and Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell (R-Ky.), who has the power to allow the DARK Act to get a Senate vote as an amendment to another piece of legislation." Petition: http://salsa3.salsalabs.com/o/50865/p/dia/action3/common/public/?action_KEY=17431 ~ source: http://truthwiki.org/usda-and-monsanto-biotech-industry-collusion/ "The misinformation campaign of the USDA Food and Nutrition Service: SNAP, the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program, provides free government money for families with low income who mainly purchase toxic, processed and genetically modified food and toxic beverages from conventional grocers. Nearly one sixth, or 50,000,000 Americans are currently under the “auspice” of this program that virtually handicaps a large portion of the population, and basically “sells them out” to large corporations that feed toxicity to humans and the environment daily. Even homeless people believe that conventional food is safe for consumption, thanks to the USDA. USDA “aid” can be funneled through foreign governments, USAID and the World Food Program, and according to the Agricultural Act of 1949, the USDA is provided with legal basis for these actions. Pay it forward sixty years, and now the USDA dabbles in controlling food sales to domestic and world markets, and provides genetically modified (cancer-causing) food to needy countries around the world, who usually are also influenced to be inoculated with untested, toxic vaccines pushed by the CDC and the auspicious, infamous Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation" ~ source: http://truthwiki.org/usda-and-monsanto-biotech-industry-collusion/ 180% Increase in health issues and subsequent death (from 1990 to 2010) associated with Parkinson's, glyphosate application and gmo crops: http://imgur.com/FrULVaZ Graph from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3945755/pdf/ITX-6-159.pdf Additional info: http://www.earthopensource.org/ ("GMO Myths and Truths") "Long-term toxicity of a Roundup herbicide and a Roundup-tolerant genetically modified maize by Gilles-Eric Séralini*, Emilie Clair, Robin Mesnage, Steeve Gress, Nicolas Defarge, Manuela Malatesta, Didier Hennequin and Joël Spiroux de Vendômois * Corresponding author: Gilles-Eric Séralini criigen@criigen.info source: http://www.enveurope.com/content/26/1/14 Received: 22 March 2014 Accepted: 16 May 2014 Published: 24 June 2014 © 2014 Séralini et al.; licensee Springer This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Abstract Background The health effects of a Roundup-tolerant NK603 genetically modified (GM) maize (from 11% in the diet), cultivated with or without Roundup application and Roundup alone (from 0.1 ppb of the full pesticide containing glyphosate and adjuvants) in drinking water, were evaluated for 2 years in rats. This study constitutes a follow-up investigation of a 90-day feeding study conducted by Monsanto in order to obtain commercial release of this GMO, employing the same rat strain and analyzing biochemical parameters on the same number of animals per group as our investigation. Our research represents the first chronic study on these substances, in which all observations including tumors are reported chronologically. Thus, it was not designed as a carcinogenicity study. We report the major findings with 34 organs observed and 56 parameters analyzed at 11 time points for most organs. Results Biochemical analyses confirmed very significant chronic kidney deficiencies, for all treatments and both sexes; 76% of the altered parameters were kidney-related. In treated males, liver congestions and necrosis were 2.5 to 5.5 times higher. Marked and severe nephropathies were also generally 1.3 to 2.3 times greater. In females, all treatment groups showed a two- to threefold increase in mortality, and deaths were earlier. This difference was also evident in three male groups fed with GM maize. All results were hormone- and sex-dependent, and the pathological profiles were comparable. Females developed large mammary tumors more frequently and before controls; the pituitary was the second most disabled organ; the sex hormonal balance was modified by consumption of GM maize and Roundup treatments. Males presented up to four times more large palpable tumors starting 600 days earlier than in the control group, in which only one tumor was noted. These results may be explained by not only the non-linear endocrine-disrupting effects of Roundup but also by the overexpression of the EPSPS transgene or other mutational effects in the GM maize and their metabolic consequences. Conclusion Our findings imply that long-term (2 year) feeding trials need to be conducted to thoroughly evaluate the safety of GM foods and pesticides in their full commercial formulations." source: http://www.enveurope.com/content/pdf/s12302-014-0014-5.pdf