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  1. Network:
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  3.  A network consists of multiple devices that communicate with one another. It can be as small as two computers or as large as billions of devices. While a traditional network is comprised of desktop computers, modern networks may include laptops, tablets, smartphones, televisions, gaming consoles, smart appliances, and other electronics.
  4.  Types of networks exist, but they fall under two primary categories: LANs (Local Area Network) and WAN (Wide Area Network).
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  6. Topology:
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  8.  Topology defines the structure of the network of how all the components are interconnected to each other. There are two types of topology: physical and logical topology.
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  10. Physical Topology:
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  12.  Physical network topology is the placement of the various components of a network and the different connectors usually represent the physical network cables, and the nodes represents usually the physical network devices (like switches).
  13.  A physical topology is how they are actually interconnected with wires and cables.
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  15. Logical Topology:
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  17.  Logical network topology illustrates, at a higher level, how data flows within a network.
  18.  A logical topology is how devices appear connected to the user.
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  21. Switch:
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  23.  Ethernet switch functions as a central station connecting computers, printers and every other wired device to each other. The switch is also wired to the router and modem to access the Internet. The wireless counterpart to Ethernet is Wi-Fi.
  24.  A network switch connects devices within a network (often a local area network, or LAN*) and forwards data packets to and from those devices.
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  26. Server:
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  28.  A server is a computer or system that provides resources, data, services, or programs to other computers, known as clients, over a network.
  29.  A server is a computer that provides data to other computers. It may serve data to systems on a local area network (LAN) or a wide area network (WAN) over the Internet.
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  31. Router:
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  33.  A device that forwards data from one network to another. Based on an internal routing table and the address of the destination network in the incoming packet, the router determines whether to send the packet out or keep it within the network.
  34.  This is a hardware device that routes data (hence the name) from a local area network (LAN) to another network connection.
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  36. HSIA (High Speed Internet Access)
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  38. ISP (Internet Service Provider):
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  40.  An Internet service provider (ISP) is a company that provides customers with Internet access. It is often referred to as just “the provider.” Data may be transmitted using several technologies, including dial-up, DSL, cable modem, wireless or dedicated high-speed interconnects.
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  42. NIC (Network Interface Cards)*
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  44.  Also called a "network interface card" (NIC), a network adapter is a plug-in card that enables a computer to transmit and receive data on a local network.
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  46. Basic Types of topology:
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  48. - Mesh Topology.
  49. - Star Topology.
  50. - Bus Topology.
  51. - Ring Topology.
  52. - Hybrid Topology.
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  54.    - In a star, all nodes connect through a central point. A bus is a common pathway to every node, while a mesh connects each node with at least two others. A ring ensures each node gets its turn in rotation.
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  56. LAN (Local Area Network):
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  58.   A communications network that is confined to a building or building complex.
  59.   A LAN is a network of connected devices that exist within a specific location.
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  61. WAN (Wide Area Network):
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  63.    A long-distance communications network that covers a wide geographic area, such as a state or country.
  64.    WAN is a wide area network that spans long distances.
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  66. HUB:
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  68.   A network hub is a device that allows multiple computers to communicate with each other over a network. It has several Ethernet ports that are used to connect two or more network devices together. Each computer or device connected to the hub can communicate with any other device connected to one of the hub's Ethernet ports.
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